Adversarial proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) have become a routine facet of patent litigation. These proceedings—inter partes reviews (IPRs), post-grant reviews (PGRs), and derivations—are similar to a bench trial on invalidity or inventorship issues, albeit before a panel of three administrative law judges before the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) of the USPTO. These proceedings feature briefing, expert discovery, and an oral hearing and conclude with a final written decision issued by the PTAB panel.